Critical thinking Process Flow

Critical thinking means the correct thinking in the pursuit of relevant and reliable knowledge about the world. Another way to describe.

it, is reasonable, reflective, responsible, and skillful thinking that is focused on deciding what to believe or do during critical times.

No one is born with the power to thinking critically, nor do they develop this ability naturally beyond survival-level thinking. Critical thinking is a learning ability that must be taught. Most individuals never learn it. Critical thinking cannot be taught reliably just simply individual to individual in a simple conversation. it is required Trainings and knowledgeable instructors are necessary to impart the proper information and skills. 

Characteristics of a Critical Thinker:                                  

Rationality
We are thinking critically when we 

• Rely on reason rather than emotion,

• Require evidence, ignore no known evidence, and follow evidence where it leads, 

• What are the concerned on finding the best explanation and right analyzing by asking questions during your investigations to guiding you into Self-awareness

We are thinking critically when we: 

• weigh the influences of motives and bias, and

• recognize our own assumptions, prejudices, biases, or point of view.

Honesty, we are thinking critically when we recognize emotional impulses, selfish motives, nefarious purposes, or other modes

of self-deception.

Open-mindedness
We are thinking critically when we:

• Evaluate all reasonable inferences.

• Consider the variety of possible viewpoints or perspectives,

• Remain open to alternative interpretations.

• Accept new explanations, models, or paradigm because they will help explaining the evidence better, is simpler, or has fewer inconsistencies or covers more data.

• Accept new priorities in response to a reevaluation of the evidence or reassessment of our real interests,

• And do not reject unpopular views out of hand.

Discipline:
We are thinking critically when we: 

• Are precise, Methodic, meticulous, comprehensive, and exhaustive.

• Resist manipulation and irrational appeals, and

• Avoid snap judgments.

Judgment

We are thinking critically when we:

• Recognize the relevance and/or merit of alternative assumptions and perspectives.

• Recognize the extent and weight of evidence.

In sum,

• Critical thinkers are by nature skeptical. They approach texts with the same skepticism and suspicion as they approach spoken remarks. 

• Critical thinkers are active, not passive.  They ask questions and analyze. They consciously apply tactics and strategies to uncover meaning or assure their understanding. 

• Critical thinkers do not take an egotistical view of the world. They are open to new ideas and perspectives.  They are willing to challenge their beliefs and investigate competing evidence.

Critical thinking enables us to recognize a wide range of subjective analyses of otherwise objective data, and to evaluate how well each analysis might meet our needs. Facts may be facts, but how we interpret them may vary.

By contrast, passive, non-critical thinkers take a simplistic view of the world. 

• They see things in black and white, as either-or, rather than recognizing a variety of possible understanding.

• They see questions as yes or no with no subtleties.

• They fail to see linkages and complexities.

• They fail to recognize related elements.

Non-critical thinkers take an egotistical view of the world

• They take their facts as the only relevant ones.

• They take their own perspective as the only sensible one.

• They take their goal as the only valid one.

This list is, of course, incomplete, but it serves to indicate the type of thinking and approach to life that critical thinking

is supposed to be.

Perhaps the most effective way to foster critical thinking skills is through explicit instruction.

Studies suggest that we become remarkably better problem-solvers when we teach others to

• Analyze analogies.

• Create categories and classify items appropriately.

• Identify relevant information.

• Construct and recognize valid deductive arguments.

• Test hypotheses

• Recognize common reasoning fallacies.

• Distinguish between evidence and interpretations of evidence